¹ Leopold von Ranke, "On the Character of Historical Science," in Leopold von Ranke, The Theory and Practice of History, ed. and introd. Georg G. Iggers and Konrad von Moltke (Indianapolis, 1973), 33.

² Stephen Bann, Romanticism and the Rise of History (New York, 1995), 6­7.

³ Francis Haskell, History and Its Images: Art and the Interpretation of the Past (New Haven, Conn., 1993).

⁴ Using Max Imdahl, Rüsen found a congenial melding of an art immanent approach that insists on the "Gewahrung ausschliesslich bildmöglicher Informationen und Evidenzqualitäten" with a historio-philosophical approach. See Max Imdahl, Giotto: Zur Frage der ikonischen Sinnstruktur (Münster, 1979); Max Imdahl, Giotto: Arenafresken: Ikonographie-Ikonologie-Ikonik (Münster, 1980); and Max Imdahl, "Ikonik: Bilder und ihre Anschauung," in Max Imdahl, Was ist ein Bild? (Münster, 1994).

⁵ Reinhart Koselleck, "Historia Magistra Vitae," in Hermann Braun and Manfred Riedel, eds., Natur und Geschichte: Karl Löwith zum 70. Geburtstag (Stuttgart, 1967), 825­38.

⁶ Stephen Bann, Paul Delaroche: History Painted (London, 1997), 107.

⁷ Bann, Romanticism and the Rise of History, chaps. 8, 9.